Tomorrow: 2 for 1 Night 10pm-4am - Every Tuesday. Fuggerstraße 37, Berlin, Germany. Show on map. Berlin's popular gay cruise bar for bears, hairy men, leathery guys, skinheads, daddies and admirers. WOOF hosts regular themed nights and special offers on drinks. Located close to everything gay in Schöneberg.Panorama Goes to Berlin, 1961 "Berlin presents the most crucial problem which faces mankind today" The Berlin Wall. How one city came to represent the political stand-off between East and West War ...How the Bouncer of Berghain Chooses Who Gets Into the Most Depraved Party on the Planet. Every weekend, as dawn breaks over Berlin, a line of several hundred people curls back from the hulking ...Like many of Berlin’s clubs, Berghain entry has risen dramatically in recent years. Expect to pay around €25. Generally, its open hours are Thursday 10 pm - 5 am, and 10 pm …Brand new club. Beds made on arrival, towels provided, daily refreshment cleaning. Heated pool. Ski storage and lockers, departure and return on skis. Wellness area: sauna, hammam, treatments (surcharge), fitness room. Club 5B. The best of Belambra spirit. All Inclusive. full board, snack, and unlimited drinks.Location: Berlin, Germany Capacity: 1,500 berghain.de. Within the world of house and techno, very few clubs come with as much reverence as Berghain and Panorama Bar. Located between the districts of Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain in Berlin and open since 2004, the legend of Ostgut (Berghain’s predecessor) …The men play hard. Lab-oratory is probably the most famous and notorious gay cruise club in the world. The industrial setting gives "The Lab" the right atmosphere to cruise and play with cages, slings, glory holes, dark rooms, alcoves, private cabins. Showers and hand basins are provided, along with paper towels, free …Panorama Country Club & Resort is one of the Best & Biggest Resort with Amusement Park in Eastern India Deluxe A.C. Rooms At Panorama Resort experience the Luxury at very affordable cost. 100 A.C. Rooms with LED T.V & free Wi-Fi.Berghain is a victim of its success. Despite having a very hard selection at entry, it has become so known that the ravers of Berlin have abandonned the place and tourists have invaded the place. It has become a mainstream club, or better said a "commercial underground" club for tourists. On a side note, its environment policy is appaling.There are several spaces within Berghain, including the main room, the ground floor Saüle space, and the upstairs, house-oriented Panorama Bar. The club is open from around 10 p.m. on Friday through 6 a.m. on Monday, and it's true that there are people who go in at the start of their weekend and crawl out, bleary-eyed, on Monday at …Jul 18, 2017 · Berghain opened in 2004 in an abandoned power plant in what used to be East Berlin. The name is a mashup of the last syllable of its neighbourhood – Friedrichshain – and the one across the ... Perched on the 10th and top floor of 25hours Hotel Bikini Berlin, Monkey Bar offers unbeatable panoramic views over the city and the Berlin Zoo. Trendy, vibrant and cosy-chic in setting, this rooftop bar Berlin offers a wide range of creative and crafted signature cocktails, along with some wine, beers and various …There are several spaces within Berghain, including the main room, the ground floor Saüle space, and the upstairs, house-oriented Panorama Bar. The club is open from around 10 p.m. on Friday through 6 a.m. on Monday, and it's true that there are people who go in at the start of their weekend and crawl out, bleary-eyed, on Monday at …Panorama FC. Based in Roodepoort Panorama Football Club provides children from the age of 5, boys and girls the opportunity to enjoy the beautiful game of football. With great facilities and continuous growth to the club, we provide all ages and abilities the chance to learn and grow from our up to date coaching and development programs ...Berghain Club & Panorama Bar SchwuZ Connection Club PROPAGANDA Party Gayhane @ SO36 B: ... It's just a few minutes’ walk from Berlin's gay bars and cruise clubs in Schöneberg, the KaDeWe department store, the Ku’Damm shopping area and the Wittembergplatz U-Bahn station. Modern guest rooms feature comfy beds, free WiFi, …The panorama menu spoils you with the 360° view of berlin, a glass of sparkling wine, followed by a 3-course meal accompanied by two glasses of wine, water, and a final hot drink. Also including 1x Berlin’s Odyssee VR Experience (choose one of two films). Address. Am Wriezener Bahnhof 10243 Berlin. Recommended Editorial Content from Google Maps. I agree to have content from Google Maps displayed to me. Details can be found in our privacy policy. Load content Settings. The "best club in the world", Berghain, and the Panorama bar, are legendary. Logistics Manager Beschreibung der Rolle - enge Zusammenarbeit mit dem Clubbooker und den Kuratoren der verschiedenen Festivals und Nebenprojekte - ... On Saturday club nights, very famous and world-renowned DJs often perform. These are regular guests at the club. Some examples of well-known DJs who are resident DJs at Berghain today include Norman Nodge, Ben Klock, Len Faki, André Galluzzi, Tama Sumo and Marcel Dettmann. Panorama Village clubs and organizations are a great way for residents to socialize and get to know one another. Choose from the Panorama Women's Golf Association. Ladies Association, Garden Club, Social Games and the Panorama Village Lions Club. 936-856-2821. Office Hours: Mon - Fri 8:00- 5:00.asisi Panorama Berlin. Checkpoint Charlie. Friedrichstraße 205. 10117 Berlin Getting there by bus or metro. Kochstrasse / Checkpoint Charlie U6 M29 Stadtmitte / Leipziger Strasse M48 Stadtmitte U2 Getting there by car. There are no general parking spaces on site. There are 2 parking spaces for the disabled.Price: Free. Book Now. The Ultimate Guide to Berghain Club: A Glimpse Into Berlin’s Iconic Nightlife. by Original Berlin Tours | Mar 7, 2024 | Original Berlin. …How the Bouncer of Berghain Chooses Who Gets Into the Most Depraved Party on the Planet. Every weekend, as dawn breaks over Berlin, a line of several hundred people curls back from the hulking ... Berghain. Clubs. Friedrichshain. Recommended. Photograph: Camille Blake. Book online. Time Out says. Is any other club in the world as notorious as this hedonistic techno temple? Take your time... Lakuti has been announced as Panorama Bar's newest resident. The DJ, booking agent and Uzuri Recordings curator, and co-founder of party series Bring Down The Walls and Your Love alongside partner Tama Sumo, will join the likes of Barker, Paramida, Sedef Adasi and Virginia as a resident at the esteemed Berlin institution. Lakuti — real …You step into this old ballroom, which is completely timeless. An interesting mix of guests and smell of dancing and... 3. Maxxim Club Berlin. 103. Bars & Clubs • Dance Clubs & Discos. Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf (Borough) By EliDejourayev.Pergamonmuseum - Das Panorama, Berlin: See 131 reviews, articles, and 375 photos of Pergamonmuseum - Das Panorama, ranked No.108 on Tripadvisor among 1,182 attractions in Berlin.Oct 1, 2016 · Ruedersdorfer Str. 70, 10243 Berlin Germany. When you arrive at Warschauer Strasse in the heart of the district, you have found one of Berlin’s party hotspots. At night in Friedrichshain, the energy is palpable and the streets of this old worker's quarter are full of street musicians. On one hand, you may find a bar with international crowds ... Berghain: Berghain / Panorama club Berlin - See 965 traveler reviews, 111 candid photos, and great deals for Berlin, Germany, at Tripadvisor.Marcus Ciderfest 2022 September 23, 2022. October 1st from 9 AM to 5 PM, Saturday Panorama Gem & Mineral Club are planning on being at the Marcus Ciderfest in a big way. Club has many rocks & mineral to sell and games to play once again this year. Plus members will have booths along with us and a opportunity to pick….The panorama THE WALL transports you on an autumn day to West Berlin in the 1980s with a direct view of the border fortifications and the death strip of the GDR. You become part of a surreal scenery of dilapidated and squatted houses near the Wall strip, with punks, wall artists, tourists and border guards.Explore Berlin for immersive 360° panoramas. Zoom in and out on the map or view the thumbnails to the right of the map in order to ensure you find all of the 360Cities immersive VR photos from here. ... Tresor is a legendary record label now with a re-opened club to represent their artists and sound. bla bla bla just go there and put …Sisyphos, Hauptstraße 15. Many of Berlin’s clubs feature some sort of outdoor wooden jungle gym. The garden at Sisyphos is one of the city’s most extravagant, a ramshackle micro-village containing a sauna, pizza stand, café and mini-spätkauf (cornershop) that encourages patrons to stretch a day party into a weekend sojourn. …r/Techno. r/Techno. This is a community about Techno, a form of electronic dance music that emerged from Detroit during the mid-to-late 1980s. MembersOnline. •. lorenzomuia48. ADMIN MOD. Tell me your experience at Berghain. During these days I'm dreaming about going to Berghain in Berlin.WELCOME TO THE. PANORAMA POINT. BERLIN. 360° View | Exhibition | Panorama Café Take Europe's fastest lift on 90,15m to Berlin's best views in just 20 seconds. …Panorama Goes to Berlin, 1961 "Berlin presents the most crucial problem which faces mankind today" The Berlin Wall. How one city came to represent the political stand-off between East and West War ...Book Belambra Clubs - Flaine "Panorama", Araches-la-Frasse on Tripadvisor: See 69 traveler reviews, 180 candid photos, and great deals for Belambra Clubs - Flaine "Panorama", ranked #1 of 1 hotel in Araches-la-Frasse and rated 4 of 5 at Tripadvisor.asisi Panorama Berlin. Checkpoint Charlie. Friedrichstraße 205. 10117 Berlin Getting there by bus or metro. Kochstrasse / Checkpoint Charlie U6 M29 Stadtmitte / Leipziger Strasse M48 Stadtmitte U2 Getting there by car. There are no general parking spaces on site. There are 2 parking spaces for the disabled.Oct 1, 2016 · Ruedersdorfer Str. 70, 10243 Berlin Germany. When you arrive at Warschauer Strasse in the heart of the district, you have found one of Berlin’s party hotspots. At night in Friedrichshain, the energy is palpable and the streets of this old worker's quarter are full of street musicians. On one hand, you may find a bar with international crowds ... Book your winter vacation accommodation at Club Flaine Panorama now on Belambra.fr, the n°1 summer and winter vacation club in France. Allez au contenu. Winter: up to 20% off See more +33 1 77 70 91 50 Next. Destinations Next. Previous. Destinations. Close. Discover our regions. See All ...How the Bouncer of Berghain Chooses Who Gets Into the Most Depraved Party on the Planet. Every weekend, as dawn breaks over Berlin, a line of several hundred people curls back from the hulking ...Berghain opened in 2004 in an abandoned power plant in what used to be East Berlin. The name is a mashup of the last syllable of its neighbourhood – Friedrichshain – and the one across the ...Berghain | Panorama Bar | Säule | Halle | Kantine am Berghain | Bierhof Rüdersdorf Am Wriezener Bahnhof 10243 Berlin S-Ostbahnhof 18+ / x-rated!. Contact [email protected]. Lost & Found Please send an email to [email protected] with an accurate description of your lost item and date of loss.. Pickup is possible …Panorama Bar Jennifer Loveless, Marie Malarie, S-candalo, Sally C. Samstag 06.04.2024 beginn 23:59 Klubnacht Berghain Slam Live, Denise Rabe, Fiedel, JakoJako, Mareena, Norman Nodge, Oscar Mulero, Quelza Panorama BarLegendary techno label and nightclub from Berlin. Tresor Shop sells music and Tresor branded merchandise.May 2023. Some ancient Greek sculptures, part of Pergamon altar have been moved to here while the main Pergamonmusem building undergoes refurbishment. The star of the exhibition however, is the near-holographic 360deg, 15m high panorama of 129 AD Pergamon by Viennese born, Saxony bread artist Yadegar Asisi.Legendary techno label and nightclub from Berlin. Tresor Shop sells music and Tresor branded merchandise.Panorama Golf Course . 1124 State Route 2023 Clifford Twp , PA 18421 . Build No.v4-3.102.8500.9330 ...Pergamonmuseum - Das Panorama, Berlin: See 131 reviews, articles, and 375 photos of Pergamonmuseum - Das Panorama, ranked No.108 on Tripadvisor among 1,182 attractions in Berlin.May 11, 2021 · With Franz Scala and Giulia Gutterer, two protagonists of the Berlin label Slow Motion can be heard in Italorama Bar, as well as Vale Budino and I-F, whose legendary Mixed Up In The Hague compilation triggered a major Italo revival more than 20 years ago. All hygiene measures as of October 21, 2021 – please check back the admission ... Location: Berlin, Germany Capacity: 1,500 berghain.de. Within the world of house and techno, very few clubs come with as much reverence as Berghain and Panorama Bar. Located between the districts of Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain in Berlin and open since 2004, the legend of Ostgut (Berghain’s predecessor) …Berghain is a victim of its success. Despite having a very hard selection at entry, it has become so known that the ravers of Berlin have abandonned the place and tourists have invaded the place. It has become a mainstream club, or better said a "commercial underground" club for tourists. On a side note, its environment policy is appaling.Silke Wünsch. 10/02/2021. Closed for 19 months, Berlin's famous techno club Berghain reopened a minute before midnight on Saturday for its first club night since the start of …Berghain: Berghain / Panorama club Berlin - See 965 traveler reviews, 111 candid photos, and great deals for Berlin, Germany, at Tripadvisor.Price: Free. Book Now. The Ultimate Guide to Berghain Club: A Glimpse Into Berlin’s Iconic Nightlife. by Original Berlin Tours | Mar 7, 2024 | Original Berlin. … Berghain & Panorama Bar. (373 reviews) #6 - Nightclubs in Berlin. Phone. +49 (30) 29360210. Website. Berghain & Panorama Bar. Address. Am Wriezener Bahnhof. Panorama Bar. Saturday 30.03.2024. SNAX CLUB 30. Berghain, Lab.oratory. Saturday 30.03.2024. Oster Klubnacht. Panorama Bar, Berghain. Thursday 04.04.2024. SÄULE. Säule. Soon. Friday …The club is the temple of techno in Berlin, disciples of the hard industrial sound have found a spiritual home at Berghain. But access isn’t all that easy, Berghain …Oct 6, 2016 · The fall of the wall and the rise of the Berlin club scene During the work with my extensive feature about Berghain (buy e-book here / read an excerpt here) I talked with german music journalist ... The Berlin club has been in the news more than ever throughout 2017. Sound technicians at the club recently installed a new soundsystem, whilst a Berghain-themed card game is set to hit shelves later this year. Berghain, and its upper level, Panorama Bar, ranked 12th in DJ Mag's Top 100 Clubs list earlier …The 73rd Berlinale runs Feb. 16-26. The Berlin International Film Festival on Wednesday unveiled the final films for its 2023 Panorama section, the Berlinale’s main sidebar. The 2023 lineup ...Panorama Village clubs and organizations are a great way for residents to socialize and get to know one another. Choose from the Panorama Women's Golf Association. Ladies Association, Garden Club, Social Games and the Panorama Village Lions Club. 936-856-2821. Office Hours: Mon - Fri 8:00- 5:00.panorama bar seem to be "relax"er than berghain. more lights, smaller, quieter, but still awesome. get super crazy at berghain, just crazy at panorama bar, rest in saule bar, and repeat until you re done. at first, i got rejected, i thought i was over dressed and nervous. so i went to another clubs, then returned with lesser cloth (i go with …Sisyphos, Hauptstraße 15. Many of Berlin’s clubs feature some sort of outdoor wooden jungle gym. The garden at Sisyphos is one of the city’s most extravagant, a ramshackle micro-village containing a sauna, pizza stand, café and mini-spätkauf (cornershop) that encourages patrons to stretch a day party into a weekend sojourn. …Techno clubs in Berlin have a rich cultural history. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, techno music first made use of the scores of abandoned buildings scattered all over East Berlin. Berghain is special because of what it represents. A place to encourage the hedonistic spirit for all orientations without fear of being … The Berlin artist Yadegar Asisi depicts life at and in the shadow of the Wall on a fictional autumn day in the 1980s on a 1:1 scale. He thus spectacularly brings the divided city to life for young and old alike. The Panorama experience is supplemented by a photo exhibition with over 80 photos of contemporary witnesses, which gives the visitor ... Price: Free. Book Now. The Ultimate Guide to Berghain Club: A Glimpse Into Berlin’s Iconic Nightlife. by Original Berlin Tours | Mar 7, 2024 | Original Berlin. …What’s your Berghain Score? has never cut the queue for entry (2points), 2) has never been rejected (2 points) has mistakenly mixed up Keta with an upper (1 point) has helped a stranger needing water, electrolytes, or help from security/staff (3 points) has had sex on the dance-floor (2 points) The area. Ruedersdorfer Str. 70, 10243 Berlin Germany. Neighbourhood: Friedrichshain. When you arrive at Warschauer Strasse in the heart of the district, you have found one of Berlin’s party hotspots. At night in Friedrichshain, the energy is palpable and the streets of this old worker's quarter are full of street musicians. Panorama Golf Course . 1124 State Route 2023 Clifford Twp , PA 18421 . Build No.v4-3.102.8500.9330 ...Dec 18, 2017 · The cult of Berghain is tangible in Berlin. Countless guides have been written to help wannabee Berghainers gain access to this notorious club, while many horror stories have been told about being turned away by a ferocious doorman. The club is the temple of techno in Berlin, disciples of the hard industrial sound have found a spiritual home at ... Das Panorama. 12,00 EUR, Concessions 6,00 Buy Ticket. Museumsinsel + Panorama 19,00 EUR, Concessions 9,50 Buy Ticket. Owner of the annual pass CLASSIC PLUS of Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Further Information. Information / Buchung / Feedback. Tel 030 - 266 42 42 42 (Mo - Fr, 9 - 16 Uhr) Fragen | Buchung | Feedback Daniel Etter for The New York Times. Sunrise on a Sunday morning is barely noticeable in Berghain, the club that has been the citadel of techno music in Berlin for a decade. Its main dance floor ...Berghain is a very unique club, and by now probably everyone has heard tales of expats’ sexual adventures there, but people are still super secretive about what’s going on in the toilet stalls. This is a bit weird. 3. Tresor. Hegemann’s is a classic club toilet. There’s nothing bad about it and nothing really special.One of my most memorable Sunday daytime raves in Berlin was the Sunday when Germany won the World Cup. I watched it in the garden of Berghain, the world’s most famous techno club. Between plays, I slipped into the darkness of the ex-power plant to a sweaty, stomping sea of leather, latex, and jockstraps, and slid out to sunshiny, beer …Adina was interested in queer Berlin and liked to go to Homopatik—an all-weekend gay party at a club called Aboutblank—and the Sunday-night Pork party at Ficken 3000. (Its Web site: “Drink ...Price: Free. Book Now. The Ultimate Guide to Berghain Club: A Glimpse Into Berlin’s Iconic Nightlife. by Original Berlin Tours | Mar 7, 2024 | Original Berlin. …Berghain is a nightclub in Berlin, Germany. It is named after its location near the border between Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain in Berlin, and is a short walk from Berlin Ostbahnhof main line railway station. Founded in 2004 by friends Norbert Thormann and Michael Teufele, it has since become one of the world's most …Titlul subiectului: Review binoclu Panorama Berlin 8x30 Weitwinkel. Review binoclu Panorama Berlin 8x30 Weitwinkel. 1-PREZENTARE GENERALA. Un binoclu destul de rar, dat fiind ciudata sa migratie intre Germania estica si cea vestica a anilor 70. Practic acelasi Deltrintem, fara nici o alta modificare cu exceptia denumirii si in unele cazuri a ...Apr 12, 2023 · Berghain / Panorama Bar: Often considered one of the best nightclubs in the world, Berghain is famous for its techno music, dark rooms, and strict door policy. Located in a former power plant, the club consists of two main areas: the main dance floor (Berghain) and the upstairs Panorama Bar, which offers house music and a more relaxed atmosphere. Welcome to the Legendary Berghain: Berlin’s Iconic Nightclub Experience. by Original Berlin Tours | Mar 7, 2024 | Pub Crawl. Berghain, situated in the neighborhood …Berghain in Berlin-Friedichshain is considered one of the most famous and exclusive techno clubs in the world and is located in a former cogeneration plant near Ostbahnhof. While the lower floor, Berghain, is mainly dedicated to techno, the Panorama Bar features well-known house and electro DJs. Concerts also take …
The men play hard. Lab-oratory is probably the most famous and notorious gay cruise club in the world. The industrial setting gives "The Lab" the right atmosphere to cruise and play with cages, slings, glory holes, dark rooms, alcoves, private cabins. Showers and hand basins are provided, along with paper towels, free …. Namkeen
A few years ago Berghain’s predecessor as Berlin’s most famous techno club, Tresor, opened a 200-person capacity former battery room in its complex called OHM. The basement of Urban Spree, a dingy cellar with doorframes that tall men are forced to duck under as they walk from one derelict boiler room to another, has played a similar …Jun 11, 2019 • 8 min read. The Berlin club scene is world famous with good reason © Carsten Koall / Getty Images. Berlin clubs have been thriving for decades, and the …Berlin's clubs evolved from life on the margins to trendsetting culture destinations. In the early 1990s in East Berlin, nightclubs popped up in abandoned breweries, power stations and bomb shelters. None of this was safe, and Rapp considers it a minor miracle there wasn't a horrible fire or other accident inside one of these makeshift …Adina was interested in queer Berlin and liked to go to Homopatik—an all-weekend gay party at a club called Aboutblank—and the Sunday-night Pork party at Ficken 3000. (Its Web site: “Drink ...Panorama Berlin is Europe's largest fashion market place, bringing together 800 exhibitors. Together with the "SELVEDGE RUN & Zeitgeist" - tradeshow for Quality Garments and the "Xoom" - fair for environmentally sustainable fashion, it brings professionals visitors to Berlin twice a year. With exhibitors spreading over 7 fair halls and 35,000 ...May 11, 2021 · With Franz Scala and Giulia Gutterer, two protagonists of the Berlin label Slow Motion can be heard in Italorama Bar, as well as Vale Budino and I-F, whose legendary Mixed Up In The Hague compilation triggered a major Italo revival more than 20 years ago. All hygiene measures as of October 21, 2021 – please check back the admission ... Address. Am Wriezener Bahnhof 10243 Berlin. Recommended Editorial Content from Google Maps. I agree to have content from Google Maps displayed to me. Details can be found in our privacy policy. Load content Settings. The "best club in the world", Berghain, and the Panorama bar, are legendary. Location: Berlin, Germany Capacity: 1,500 berghain.de. Within the world of house and techno, very few clubs come with as much reverence as Berghain and Panorama Bar. Located between the districts of Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain in Berlin and open since 2004, the legend of Ostgut (Berghain’s predecessor) …Reduced. Reduced Tickets for pupils 17 to 20 years of age, full-time students, apprentices, severely disabled persons with the code B pass. Upon presentation of respective proof.Appropriate golf wear must be worn on the golf course at all times, whether playing golf or not. ... and repair ball marks on greens. Panorama Golf Club pace of play is 4 hours. Footer. Weather. CONROE WEATHER. Visit Us. Panorama Golf Club 73 Greenbrier Dr. Conroe, TX 77304. Follow Us. Contact Us. Phone:(936) 228-0177(Pro-shop) …Gassan Panorama Golf&Resort Opened initially in November 2006 the Gassan Panorama Golf Club is the third course in the Gassan Group. The course reopened in 2017 as at the same time took on its new name. At 7,761 yards the longest course in the kingdom, its unique distinction comes from all 18 holes designed around the contour of a large lake in ...Generally speaking I find mid-30s to be the golden age for most clubs in Berlin. Germans aren't as weird about age differences and lifestyles as other parts of the world (especially America). Whenever people feel nervous about age differences I always remind them of the history of club/techno culture in the city. Back in the …How the Bouncer of Berghain Chooses Who Gets Into the Most Depraved Party on the Planet. Every weekend, as dawn breaks over Berlin, a line of several hundred people curls back from the hulking ...Panorama Village clubs and organizations are a great way for residents to socialize and get to know one another. Choose from the Panorama Women's Golf Association. Ladies Association, Garden Club, Social Games and the Panorama Village Lions Club. 936-856-2821. Office Hours: Mon - Fri 8:00- 5:00.Welcome to the ARTEMIS, one of the best and largest clubs in Germany! With a day pass, you have access to everything our establishment has to offer, including free non-alcoholic drinks at the bar and buffets in the morning and evening. We also provide towels, shower gel, and a hairdryer. You can leave the key behind and come back by 4 a.m. at ...Panorama FC. Based in Roodepoort Panorama Football Club provides children from the age of 5, boys and girls the opportunity to enjoy the beautiful game of football. With great facilities and continuous growth to the club, we provide all ages and abilities the chance to learn and grow from our up to date coaching and development programs ....